Which statement about bias in qualitative research is true?

• A. Including diverse participants who differ in perspectives helps reduce bias
• B. Participants tend to feel more comfortable with facilitators who are very different from them
• C. Bias cannot be addressed in qualitative research
• D. Bias only occurs in quantitative studies

Answer: (A)

Bias in qualitative research can shape what data is collected and how it’s interpreted, so broadening who you include helps counter that effect. Including diverse participants who differ in perspectives brings a wider range of experiences and viewpoints to the discussion, which reduces the likelihood that findings reflect a single, limited viewpoint. This variety makes the data richer and more credible, because contrasting experiences can reveal patterns that wouldn’t emerge from a homogeneous group. It also supports more authentic interpretations, as researchers encounter different ways people understand and respond to questions, helping to guard against overvaluing one narrative.

In contrast, you’d expect participants to feel more comfortable with facilitators who share some common ground, not someone who is very different, which can hinder openness and amplify social desirability or power dynamics. And bias isn’t something that qualitative research can’t address; researchers tackle it through reflexivity, triangulation, member checks, and thoughtful sampling. Bias also isn’t exclusive to quantitative studies; both approaches can be affected by bias, and both can implement strategies to mitigate it.